|
According to custom, each ancient and archaic Greek polis would be dedicated to the worship of a particular city-state patron god, to whom the population would show reverence in addition to the god or gods of their own personal adherence. The patron gods of Greece are the equivalent of today's patron saints.〔Lawson 2012, pp.54-55〕 A Greek temple in Ancient times would be dedicated to a certain deity. A typical temple would have a statue inside. An altar would be placed outside, upon which offerings would be placed as sacrifices to the city's patron deity. The Parthenon is a famous example of an Ancient Greek temple. Athena and Apollo are among the most common choices of patron gods of the ancient Greek cities.〔Cole 1995, p.300〕 ==Examples of city-state patron gods== *Athens worshiped Athena, the goddess of wisdom, as a patron city-state god.〔Buckley 2010, p. 103〕 The designation of Athena as patron of Athens occurred during the Great Panathenaea in 566 B.C., potentially coinciding with construction of the Altar of Athena Polias.〔Buckley 2010, p. 110〕 An epithet of Athena commonly referred to as Athena Alea, served as patron of the cities of Alea, Mantinea and Tegea. *Sparta worshipped Athena as their patron goddess, under the epithet "Athena Poliachos" (''Athena Protector of the City''). 〔Cartledge 2002, p. 309〕 However, while he was not the chief deity, Apollo was widely worshipped in the most important religious celebrations in the polis. 〔Pettersson 1992〕 *Elis and Olympia had Zeus as their city god. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.〔Connolly & Solway 2001〕 *Syracuse, as with Athens, worshipped Athena. Reference to Athena can be seen on their city-state banner.〔Hansen 2006〕 *Thespiae was a city-state that worshiped Eros. Due to this, the Thespian hoplites would bear the crescent moon symbol on their shield, the crescent moon was "the lunar Aphrodite". The cult of Artemis in her epithet of Eileithyia, the goddess of childbearing, was also important.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Thespians (dedicated to the memory of Paul Allen) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Descripion of Greece )〕 *The polis of Larissa chose Dionysus, the god of wine, as their god. The symbol for Dionysus was a bull's foot. Another name for Dionysus was Axios Tauros, which translates as 'worthy bull'.〔Rhodes 2007〕 *Corinth chose Poseidon, lord of the sea, as their city-state patron god.〔Kearns 2009〕 *The patron god of Thebes was Dionysus, also called Bacchus and Iacchos. Dionysus' mother, Semele, was a Theban princess. Sophocles' includes in his play ''Antigone'' an ode to Dionysus, the guardian of Thebes; in that ode Dionysus is claimed to have Thebes as his most honoured city.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Antigone )〕 *Megara worshipped Apollo as their patron god, and as such, he is lauded by the poet Theognis of Megara in his collection of works ''Theognidea'' as guardian of the city.〔Zhou 2010, pp.76-77〕 *The polis of Argos was dedicated to the worship of Hera.〔Burkert 1985, p. 139〕 *The island city-state of Samos, in the Aegean Sea, worshipped Hera too as their patron.〔Cole 1995, p.295〕 *Rhodes was a city on an island, which built the Colossus of Rhodes, a giant statue, in honor to their patron god, Helios.〔Connolly & Solway 2001〕 *Both Eretria and Epidauros worshipped Apollo as their patron god. Eretria, as Apollo Daphnephoros; and Epidauros as Apollo Maleatas (Apollo's son, Asklepios, was also worshipped at Epidauros).〔Cole 1995, p.300〕 *The patron god of the city of Miletus, in Asia Minor, was Apollo. The sanctuary and oracle of Didyma, devoted to Apollo, was within Miletus' territory.〔Cartledge 2011, p.40〕 *The patron godess of Ephesus, also in Asia Minor, was Artemis, who had been identified with an oriental mother goddess, like Cybele.〔Fine 1983, p.128〕 The Temple of Artemis, or ''Artemision'', in Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. *The city of Cnidus, in Asia Minor, worshipped Aphrodite as their patron.〔Cole 1995, p.295〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Greek city-state patron gods」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|